Ultrasonic Bubble Nucleation in Reaction Injection Moulding of Polyurethane

Abstract

Ultrasonic foam processing of polyurethane for reaction injection moulding (RIM) was studied experimentally to investigate feasibility of ultrasonic bubble nucleation in polyurethane. Bubble nucleation was also studied theoretically to predict the rate of nucleation. Classical nucleation theory and cluster theory have been employed for explanation of the nucleation phenomena. A polyol resin was saturated with nitrogen at various pressures and the pressure was released slowly in order to generate supersaturated resin. Other components of the selected polyurethane system were added to the supersaturated resin and ultrasonic disruption was applied to the system producing enhanced nucleation. The ultrasonic excitation created a good foam structure even at a low saturation pressure around 0.15 MPa (1.5 atm). The effect of the ultrasonic activation on the bubble nucleation was considered and included in the nucleation theories. The cluster nucleation theory along with consideration of the ultrasonic effect predicted a higher rate of nucleation than the classical nucleation theory for the same condition.