Development and initial evaluation of a smart resistance training system

Abstract

Resistance training equipment is designed to provide specific groups of muscles with an artificially high stress input for short durations. In the sports and, in particular, the rehabilitation domains, control and customization of the applied torque and velocity profiles applied to the musculoskeletal system is desired, since individual biomechanics, training, and rehabilitation requirements and capabilities differ. A ‘smart training system’ (STS) that supports a unique resistance profile generation and control capability is discussed in this paper. Any resistance profile, i.e. combinations of torques, velocities, and positions, can be generated by either user calibration activities, e.g. via isometric and isokinetic exercises, or designed, e.g. inertial load emulation via integrated profile design software, and utilized within the system. Since the STS is capable of providing either passive braking, e.g. isotonic, isometric, or active driving, e.g. isokinetic eccentric, resistances, safe operation is paramount. Integrated profile monitoring software (to ensure that the user never exceeds calibrated capability) and mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical safety systems are utilized within the STS. Control and monitoring of torque—velocity—position profiles enables unique exercise modes to be designed and implemented. A novel exercise mode (termed ‘variokinetic’) is discussed in this paper that supports an active (or passive) resistance based upon the instantaneous torque, velocity, and position requirements of the musculoskeletal joint. The value of this mode is not established in this paper; only a demonstration of the capability of the system to support these variokinetic profiles, and, hence, support future sports or rehabilitation specific resistance profile training. Preliminary results are reported that indicate the software and hardware systems are capable of providing the desired real-time actuation and feedback capabilities, and could, if developed further, provide a wide range of users with an efficient and effective alternative to existing exercise methods and machines.