THE FORMATION OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC POTENTIAL OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND FOLIAR NUTRITION WITH ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZER

Abstract

The main key to the formation of the maximum yield of agricultural crops in general, and of soybeans in particular, is the index of the leaf surface area. Providing plants with a full range of mineral nutrition elements and foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer significantly affect the indicator of the size of the assimilation surface and the intensity of its growth. Foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizers and applying mineral fertilizers in different doses according to research results is quite an effective way to ensure optimal nutrition of plants. The results of research on the study of the photosynthetic productivity of soybean varieties under the influence of different doses of mineral fertilizers and different periods of foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer (foliar fertilizing in the phase of the 3rd trifoliate leaf, foliar fertilizing in the phase of budding) in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe are presented. The peculiarities of the formation of the leaf surface area of soybean plants have been established. It was found that the dose of mineral fertilizers and the timing of foliar fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizer Helprost Soybean (2.0 l/ha) had a significant impact on this indicator. The use of foliar fertilizing with Helprost Soybean in the budding phase ensured an increase in the leaf surface area by 7.2 - 12.7% in the Onyx variety and, accordingly, by 8.6 - 13.3% in the Sensor variety. Based on the results of research, it was found that the most effective technological technique was the combination of foliar feeding in the phase of the 3rd trifoliate leaf with Helprost Soybean with foliar feeding with the same organo-mineral fertilizer in the budding phase. Such growing conditions contributed to an increase in the area of leaves in comparison with variants without treatment by 10.6-17.9% in the Onyx variety and 12.3-18.2% in the Sensor variety. According to the results of the observations and calculations, it was found that the photosynthetic potential of soybean crops increased dynamically during the entire growing season and was directly dependent on the doses of mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilizing with organic-mineral fertilizers, and the weather conditions of the year. Together with mineral fertilizers, foliar feeding in different phases of the growing season of soybean crops had a positive effect on the formation of the photosynthetic potential of crops.