NEW VARIETIES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IT IS A RESULTS FROM SELECTION IN ADAPTABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

Research on winter wheat breeding was carried out in 2010-2020 at the Federal Rostov agricultural research center in the steppe zone with insufficient moisture. Soils of the southern carbonate Chernozem. The article describes the stages of coadaptation and creation of initial forms that served as the parents of new wheat varieties, which are being prepared for transfer to the State variety testing in 2021. The varieties are the result of the implementation of wheat breeding projects aimed at curbing climate volatility in recent years. The essence of the complex of resistance to stressors lies in the guaranteed resistance of the created genotypes to morozam (they must withstand at the depth of the tillering node –18⁰C), with a duration of springization of more than 60 days, during thaws they did not grow, they could withstand up to two months of lapped ice crust. The created forms should not be damaged during frosts in April and may, and should be characterized by high heat and drought resistance. To solve these problems, a special methodology was developed for creating genetic variability of breeding source material that is adequate to the changing climate. In the Volnaya zarya variety transferred to the GSI, the yield was 6.7 t / ha (maximum –8.32 t/ha), in the Donskaya T 20 variety – 7.0 t/ha (8.0 t/ha), the protein content in the grain was 14.1 and 14.0%, respectively. The article presents immunological characteristics of varieties, evaluation of their stability to abiotic factors (wintering frost, heat drought), response of varieties to sowing date and soil fertility.