Affiliation:
1. University of Chile, Chile
2. Stevens Institute of Technology, USA
3. University of Chile, Chile / IMFD, Chile
Abstract
Dynamically-typed languages offer easy interaction with ad hoc data such as JSON and S-expressions; statically-typed languages offer powerful tools for working with structured data, notably
algebraic datatypes
, which are a core feature of typed languages both functional and otherwise. Gradual typing aims to reconcile dynamic and static typing smoothly. The gradual typing literature has extensively focused on the computational aspect of types, such as type safety, effects, noninterference, or parametricity, but the application of graduality to data structuring mechanisms has been much less explored. While row polymorphism and set-theoretic types have been studied in the context of gradual typing, algebraic datatypes in particular have not, which is surprising considering their wide use in practice. We develop, formalize, and prototype a novel approach to gradually structured data with algebraic datatypes. Gradually structured data bridges the gap between traditional algebraic datatypes and flexible data management mechanisms such as tagged data in dynamic languages, or polymorphic variants in OCaml. We illustrate the key ideas of gradual algebraic datatypes through the evolution of a small server application from dynamic to progressively more static checking, formalize a core functional language with gradually structured data, and establish its metatheory, including the gradual guarantees.
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Subject
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality,Software
Cited by
4 articles.
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1. Gradual Typing for Effect Handlers;Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages;2023-10-16
2. GTP Benchmarks for Gradual Typing Performance;Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on Reproducibility and Replicability;2023-06-27
3. Live Pattern Matching with Typed Holes;Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages;2023-04-06
4. A Gradual Probabilistic Lambda Calculus;Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages;2023-04-06