Deciding first-order properties of locally tree-decomposable structures

Abstract

We introduce the concept of a class of graphs, or more generally, relational structures, being locally tree-decomposable . There are numerous examples of locally tree-decomposable classes, among them the class of planar graphs and all classes of bounded valence or of bounded tree-width. We also consider a slightly more general concept of a class of structures having bounded local tree-width .We show that for each property ϕ of structures that is definable in first-order logic and for each locally tree-decomposable class C of structures, there is a linear time algorithm deciding whether a given structure A ∈ C has property ϕ. For classes C of bounded local tree-width, we show that for every k ≥ 1 there is an algorithm solving the same problem in time O ( n 1+(1/ k ) ) (where n is the cardinality of the input structure).