1. School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
2. School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
3. Computer Science and Creative Technologies Department, University of the West of England, UK
4. School of Information Science and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, China
5. State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China