Affiliation:
1. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Abstract
Computer animation in conjunction with 3D printing has the potential to positively impact traditional stop-motion animation. As 3D printing every frame of a computer animation is prohibitively slow and expensive, 3D printed stop-motion can only be viable if animations can be faithfully reproduced using a compact library of 3D printed and efficiently assemblable parts. We thus present the first system for processing computer animation sequences (typically faces) to produce an optimal set of replacement parts for use in 3D printed stop-motion animation. Given an input animation sequence of topology invariant deforming meshes, our problem is to output a library of replacement parts and per-animation-frame assignment of the parts, such that we maximally approximate the input animation, while minimizing the amount of 3D printing and assembly. Inspired by current stop-motion workflows, a user manually indicates which parts of the model are preferred for segmentation; then, we find curves with minimal deformation along which to segment the mesh. We then present a novel algorithm to zero out deformations along the segment boundaries, so that replacement sets for each part can be interchangeably and seamlessly assembled together. The part boundaries are designed to ease 3D printing and instrumentation for assembly. Each part is then independently optimized using a graph-cut technique to find a set of replacements, whose size can be user defined, or automatically computed to adhere to a printing budget or allowed deviation from the original animation. Our evaluation is threefold: we show results on a variety of facial animations, both digital and 3D printed, critiqued by a professional animator; we show the impact of various algorithmic parameters; and we compare our results to naive solutions. Our approach can reduce the printing time and cost significantly for stop-motion animated films.
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Subject
Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Cited by
5 articles.
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1. Design of a Group Animation Production System Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms;2023 2nd International Conference on 3D Immersion, Interaction and Multi-sensory Experiences (ICDIIME);2023-06
2. The Blend of Reality and Illusion – Analysis of the Artistic Characteristics of Stop-Motion Animation;Proceedings of the 2022 4th International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2022);2023
3. Interactive modelling of volumetric musculoskeletal anatomy;ACM Transactions on Graphics;2021-08-31
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5. Interactive Exploration and Refinement of Facial Expression using Manifold Learning;Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology;2020-10-20