Hygienic assessment and health risk management of the working-age population of a large industrial center of the Middle Volga region

Abstract

The creation of conditions for improving public health and reducing risks from the effects of environmental and industrial factors are among the priority tasks in the development of the country's healthcare system in the long term [1, 2]. The purpose of the study is to conduct a hygienic assessment of the influence of the main pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde) contained in the ambient air on the health of the working-age population and to compare the identified nosologies with the causes of temporary disability of the population by classes of diseases in the period of 2008–2017 in Samara. Materials and methods. The main object of the study was atmospheric air. Sampling in the city was carried out at stationary posts located in all administrative districts of the city during the study period. A study of the registration form No. 16‑VN «Information on the Causes of Tempo rary Disability» of the Samara population for 2013–2017 was carried out. Results: The maximum concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were recorded in the Kirovsky and Promyshlenny regions in the period of 2011–2015 which averaged 0.042 mg/m3. Characterizing the distribution of formaldehyde concentrations by city districts in 2015 and 2017, it should be noted that it prevailed in the Kirovsky region compared to others (more than 40 %). The highest indicator of the air pollution index in Samara was registered in the period of 2008– 2013, which adversely af fected the health of the population. When assessing the spatial distribution of levels of atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen di oxide, its highest concentration was recorded in places of vehicles concentration and in the locations of fuel and energy enterprises and industrial plants in Samara (mainly Promyshlenny and Kirovsky regions). Conclusion: The priority diseases caused by exposure to air factors (nitrogen dioxide, formalde hyde) are respiratory diseases and malignant neoplasms. It should be noted that these diseases can occur in the adult working-age population both as a result of exposure to environmental factors and as a result of work in industries with harmful and hazardous chemical factors. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with all norms and principles of modern medi cine. The research is reliable, objective, and the information is provided in full. It complies with the Code of Ethics of the Russian Physician, approved at the 4th Conference of the Association of Physicians of Russia and the Declaration of Helsinki of the W orld Medical Association.