Hygienic aspects of the implementation of the federal project "clean air" in the Omsk city

Abstract

The aim of the work was the hygienic assessment of the atmospheric air quality and health risks to the population of Omsk city arising under the influence of chemical pollution of atmospheric air at the current stage of realization of the federal project "Clean Air". Material and methods. For hygienic assessment of atmospheric air quality in the territory of the city of Omsk the results of socio-hygienic monitoring and the national environmental observation system of atmospheric air pollution for the period 2017-2022 were used. Health risk assessment and calculation of the additional number of diseases under the influence of pollutants were carried out in accordance with the Guidelines for health risk assessment of exposure to chemical pollutants (R 2.1.10.3968-23). Results. The volumes of uncaptured air pollutant emissions from stationary sources in 2022 decreased by 21.9% compared to the baseline year 2017, from motor vehicles - by 43.6%. The level of carcinogenic risk was above the permissible value and was assessed as alarming, with an increase of 28.7% between 2017 and 2022. The average annual respiratory hazard index was assessed as high. Comparative analysis of the values of non-carcinogenic risks in 2017 and in 2022 for the population of Omsk showed an increase in harmful effects on the respiratory organs (2.5% increase), the immune system (1.6-fold increase) and the central nervous system (1.7-fold increase). At the same time, the risks to the cardiovascular system decreased, and the overall systemic effect of toxicants was reduced. As a result of long-term chronic excess formaldehyde air pollution, the mean annual population risk over the entire follow-up time was 2377.4 (CI 1802.6-2992.4; 95%) cases of additional respiratory diseases per year detected during primary and repeat patient visits. Conclusion. The advanced achievement of the targets of the Federal Program "Clean Air" on emissions reduction has not yet resulted in a commensurate improvement of the atmospheric air quality from the hygienic point of view. Carcinogenic risks to public health are decreasing, but remain above permissible levels. Non-carcinogenic risks for a number of substances form additional morbidity. It is necessary to develop additional interdepartmental measures to reduce emissions, primarily formaldehyde and benz/a/pyrene, to provide preventive protection of public health, especially vulnerable groups living in the city.