1. Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Science; University of British Columbia; Kelowna Canada
2. Cardiff School of Sport; Cardiff Metropolitan University; Cardiff UK
3. School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health; The University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia Australia
4. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
5. Pulmonary/Critical Care Section, Medical Service; VA Loma Linda Healthcare System; Loma Linda CA USA