CZO films: Effect of different post-annealing temperatures on electron-phonon interactions, steepness parameters, coordination numbers, optical mathematical equations, and skin depth

Abstract

Abstract The CZO films annealed at 500°C are smoother and they have the maximum value of electron-phonon interaction. The CZO films annealed at 500°C have the maximum value of optical density. The absorption edge of films up to 500°C has a redshift and over 500°C they have a blue shift. The CZO films annealed at 500°C have the minimum value of band-to-band transitions energy. The as-deposited CZO films are more disordered. The empirical optical mathematical equation from linear fitting for these films was given as . It was demonstrated that values of the steepness parameters of CZO films are represented by a decreasing function while electron-phonon interactions by an increasing function with increasing annealing temperature. This may be ascribed to a change in iconicity and action valences of CZO films. Considering , , and for ZnO, the coordination number constants were calculated and for CZO films annealed at 600°C, β has a minimum value about of 0.18. Swanepoel method parameters also were obtained.