The Polarity and Specificity of Antiviral T Lymphocyte Responses Determine Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Cancer and Healthy Individuals

Author:

Fahrner Jean-Eudes1234ORCID,Lahmar Imran123,Goubet Anne-Gaëlle123ORCID,Haddad Yacine23,Carrier Agathe23ORCID,Mazzenga Marine23,Drubay Damien25ORCID,Alves Costa Silva Carolina123ORCID,de Sousa Eric6ORCID,Thelemaque Cassandra23,Melenotte Cléa237,Dubuisson Agathe23ORCID,Geraud Arthur289,Ferrere Gladys23ORCID,Birebent Roxanne123ORCID,Bigenwald Camille123,Picard Marion23,Cerbone Luigi29,Lérias Joana R.6,Laparra Ariane289ORCID,Bernard-Tessier Alice289,Kloeckner Benoît23,Gazzano Marianne23,Danlos François-Xavier123222,Terrisse Safae23,Pizzato Eugenie23,Flament Caroline23,Ly Pierre23,Tartour Eric1011ORCID,Benhamouda Nadine1011,Meziani Lydia2,Ahmed-Belkacem Abdelhakim12ORCID,Miyara Makoto13,Gorochov Guy13ORCID,Barlesi Fabrice2914,Trubert Alexandre23,Ungar Benjamin15ORCID,Estrada Yeriel16,Pradon Caroline21718,Gallois Emmanuelle219,Pommeret Fanny29,Colomba Emeline29,Lavaud Pernelle29ORCID,Deloger Marc20ORCID,Droin Nathalie21ORCID,Deutsch Eric122223ORCID,Gachot Bertrand224,Spano Jean-Philippe25,Merad Mansouria226,Scotté Florian227,Marabelle Aurélien1238928ORCID,Griscelli Frank219293031,Blay Jean-Yves323334ORCID,Soria Jean-Charles12,Merad Miriam353637,André Fabrice12938ORCID,Villemonteix Juliette39ORCID,Chevalier Mathieu F.40ORCID,Caillat-Zucman Sophie3940ORCID,Fenollar Florence41,Guttman-Yassky Emma42,Launay Odile43,Kroemer Guido444546,La Scola Bernard47,Maeurer Markus648ORCID,Derosa Lisa1239ORCID,Zitvogel Laurence12310,

Affiliation:

1. 1Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.

2. 2Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

3. 3Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

4. 4Transgene S.A., Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.

5. 5Département de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.

6. 10ImmunoTherapy/ImmunoSurgery, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal.

7. 11Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, Marseille, France.

8. 12Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

9. 13Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

10. 14Center of clinical investigations BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

11. 15Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France.

12. 16Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, Paris, France.

13. 17Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Créteil, France.

14. 18Sorbonne Université/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.

15. 19Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille, France.

16. 20Department of Dermatology, Center of Excellence in Eczema Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

17. 21Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

18. 22Centre de Ressources Biologiques, ET-EXTRA, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

19. 23Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Service de Biochimie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

20. 24Département de Biologie Médicale et Pathologie Médicales, Service de Microbiologie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

21. 25Gustave Roussy, Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS, Villejuif, France.

22. 26Gustave Roussy, Plateforme de génomique, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM US23, CNRS UMS, Villejuif, France.

23. 27Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1030, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

24. 28Département de Radiothérapie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

25. 29Service de Pathologie Infectieuse, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

26. 30Department of Medical Oncology, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.

27. 31Service de Médecine aigue d’Urgence en Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

28. 32Département Interdisciplinaire d'Organisation des Parcours Patients, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

29. 33Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale – UMR935/UA9, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.

30. 34INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, Université de Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.

31. 35Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France.

32. 36Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.

33. 37Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.

34. 38Unicancer, Paris, France.

35. 39Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

36. 40Department of Oncological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

37. 41Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

38. 42Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

39. 43Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

40. 44INSERM UMR 976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

41. 45IHU Méditérranée Infection, VITROME, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.

42. 46Department of Dermatology, Center of Excellence in Eczema Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

43. 47Université de Paris, Inserm CIC 1417, I-Reivac, APHP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France.

44. 48Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.

45. 49Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.

46. 50Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.

47. 51Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

48. 52Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.

Abstract

Abstract Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) relies on the in-depth understanding of protective immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We characterized the polarity and specificity of memory T cells directed against SARS-CoV-2 viral lysates and peptides to determine correlates with spontaneous, virus-elicited, or vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in disease-free and cancer-bearing individuals. A disbalance between type 1 and 2 cytokine release was associated with high susceptibility to COVID-19. Individuals susceptible to infection exhibited a specific deficit in the T helper 1/T cytotoxic 1 (Th1/Tc1) peptide repertoire affecting the receptor binding domain of the spike protein (S1-RBD), a hotspot of viral mutations. Current vaccines triggered Th1/Tc1 responses in only a fraction of all subject categories, more effectively against the original sequence of S1-RBD than that from viral variants. We speculate that the next generation of vaccines should elicit Th1/Tc1 T-cell responses against the S1-RBD domain of emerging viral variants. Significance: This study prospectively analyzed virus-specific T-cell correlates of protection against COVID-19 in healthy and cancer-bearing individuals. A disbalance between Th1/Th2 recall responses conferred susceptibility to COVID-19 in both populations, coinciding with selective defects in Th1 recognition of the receptor binding domain of spike. See related commentary by McGary and Vardhana, p. 892. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873

Funder

Biological Resource Center

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

Subject

Oncology

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