S100A8/S100A9 Promote Progression of Multiple Myeloma via Expansion of Megakaryocytes

Author:

Lin Cindy1ORCID,Garcia-Gerique Laura1ORCID,Bonner Erin E.1ORCID,Mastio Jerome12ORCID,Rosenwasser Matthew1ORCID,Cruz Zachary1ORCID,Lawler Michael1ORCID,Bernabei Luca3ORCID,Muthumani Kar14ORCID,Liu Qin1ORCID,Poncz Mortimer5ORCID,Vogl Thomas6ORCID,Törngren Marie7ORCID,Eriksson Helena7ORCID,Vogl Dan T.3ORCID,Gabrilovich Dmitry I.18ORCID,Nefedova Yulia1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

2. 2ICC, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

3. 3Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

4. 4GeneOne Life Science, Inc, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania.

5. 5Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

6. 6University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

7. 7Active Biotech AB, Lund, Sweden.

8. 8ICC, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland.

Abstract

Multiple myeloma is characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that accumulate preferentially in the bone marrow (BM). The tumor microenvironment is one of the leading factors that promote tumor progression. Neutrophils and monocytes are a major part of the BM tumor microenvironment, but the mechanism of their contribution to multiple myeloma progression remains unclear. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which S100A8/S100A9 proteins produced by BM neutrophils and monocytes promote the expansion of megakaryocytes supporting multiple myeloma progression. S100A8/S100A9 alone was not sufficient to drive megakaryopoiesis but markedly enhanced the effect of thrombopoietin, an effect that was mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of the STAT5 transcription factor. Targeting S100A9 with tasquinimod as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors has potent antimyeloma effect that is at least partly independent of the adaptive immune system. This newly identified axis of signaling involving myeloid cells and megakaryocytes may provide a new avenue for therapeutic targeting in multiple myeloma.Significance:We identified a novel mechanism by which myeloid cells promote myeloma progression independently of the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we discovered a novel role of S100A8/S100A9, the most abundant proteins produced by neutrophils and monocytes, in regulation of myeloma progression via promotion of the megakaryocyte expansion and angiogenesis. Tasquinimod, an inhibitor of S100A9, has potent antimyeloma effects as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors.

Funder

HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute

Pennsylvania Department of Health

American Association for Cancer Research

Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research at the University of Münster

German Research Foundation

Active Biotech

Publisher

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

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