Analysis of the Vulnerability of Farmers' Livelihoods as a Impact of Shifting Slow Variables and Fast Variables: Livelihood Vulnerability Index and Photovoice Approaches

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to study the vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods as a result of shifts in slow and fast variables.   Method: In this study, the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) approach and the Photovoice method were used to comprehensively describe and analyze the vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index LVI method will provide a deeper understanding of the level of vulnerability of farmers to these changes. In addition, the Photovoice method is used to obtain a visual perspective from the farmers themselves.   Results and conclusion: The results of this study reveal that the vulnerability of farming households in coastal areas is in two aspects. First, through the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), it can be seen that land conversion has resulted in a decrease in the productivity of the agricultural sector, farmer incomes, and loss of livelihoods for vulnerable local farmers. The sensitivity of farmers is also evident through their high dependence on the agricultural sector and their reluctance to leave their homes. Second, using the Photovoice method, the sources of vulnerability faced by farm households are illustrated, such as water and soil contamination by shrimp pond waste and decreased productivity and income due to careless disposal of waste.   Research implication: The vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods is also affected by limited capital and lack of compliance with agricultural governance regulations, increasing the vulnerability of farmers in the coastal areas of Kebumen.   Originality/value: Livelihood vulnerability is an important concept in understanding the extent to which farmers are vulnerable to social, economic and ecological changes.