Biologics Agents in Periodontal Regeneration:A Review

Abstract

The field of periodontology and dental implantology has witnessed significant advancements in the use of molecular mediators and biologic agents over the past decade. Periodontal regeneration, which involves the complete restoration of cementum, bone, and connective tissue following removal of epithelial tissues, is considered superior to tissue repair. Recent research has focused on utilizing biologic materials as complementary therapies to enhance regeneration by accelerating wound healing. These biologic agents were investigated using the following search terms: tissue engineering, intercellular signaling molecules, and biological factors. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), platelet-rich plasma, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have demonstrated the capacity to stimulate both hard and soft tissue regeneration. However, no single biologic agent is universally effective, necessitating a case-by-case evaluation for optimal treatment selection. Currently, EMD and PDGF are the only biologic therapies approved by the FDA for periodontal regeneration, while BMP-2 is indicated for bone augmentation. Due to a lack of FDA approval for periodontal applications, the clinical use of FGF and PTH in this context is not recommended.