THE PAYNE EFFECT: PRIMARILY POLYMER-RELATED OR FILLER-RELATED PHENOMENON?

Author:

Warasitthinon Nadhatai1,Genix Anne-Caroline2,Sztucki Michael3,Oberdisse Julian2,Robertson Christopher G.14

Affiliation:

1. Cooper Tire and Rubber Company, 701 Lima Avenue, Findlay, OH 45840

2. Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France

3. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 220, F-38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France

4. Present address: Endurica LLC, 1219 West Main Cross Street, Findlay, OH 45840

Abstract

ABSTRACT The hysteretic softening at small dynamic strains (Payne effect)—related to the rolling resistance and viscoelastic losses of tires—was studied as a function of particle size, filler volume fraction, and temperature for carbon black (CB) reinforced uncrosslinked styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and a paste-like material composed of CB-filled paraffin oil. The low-strain limit for dynamic storage modulus was found to be remarkably similar for CB-filled oil and the CB-filled SBR. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements on the simple composites and detailed data analysis confirmed that the aggregate structures and nature of filler branching/networking of carbon black were virtually identical within oil compared to the high molecular weight polymer matrix. The combined dynamic rheology and SAXS results provide clear evidence that the deformation-induced breaking (unjamming) of the filler network—characterized by filler–filler contacts that are percolated throughout the material—is the main cause for the Payne effect. However, the polymer matrix does play a secondary role as demonstrated by a reduction in Payne effect magnitude with increasing temperature for the CB-reinforced rubber, which was not observed to a significant extent for the oil–CB system.

Publisher

Rubber Division, ACS

Subject

Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics

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