Relative influence of human harvest, carnivores, and weather on adult female elk survival across western North America

Author:

Brodie Jedediah1,Johnson Heather2,Mitchell Michael3,Zager Peter4,Proffitt Kelly5,Hebblewhite Mark6,Kauffman Matthew7,Johnson Bruce8,Bissonette John9,Bishop Chad2,Gude Justin5,Herbert Jeff5,Hersey Kent10,Hurley Mark46,Lukacs Paul M.6,McCorquodale Scott11,McIntire Eliot12,Nowak Josh12,Sawyer Hall13,Smith Douglas14,White P.J.14

Affiliation:

1. Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA

2. Colorado Parks and Wildlife; 415 Turner Drive Durango CO 81303 USA

3. U.S. Geological Survey; Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA

4. Idaho Department of Fish and Game; P.O. Box 25 Boise ID 83707 USA

5. Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; 1420 E. 6th Ave. Helena MT 59620 USA

6. Wildlife Biology Program; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA

7. U. S. Geological Survey; Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Zoology and Physiology; University of Wyoming; Laramie WY 82071 USA

8. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA

9. U.S. Geological Survey- Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; College of Natural Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84341 USA

10. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources; Salt Lake City UT 84114 USA

11. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 1701 S 24th Ave Yakima WA 98902 USA

12. Centre d'étude de la fôret; Laval University; Quebec QC G1K 7P4 Canada

13. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc.; 200 South 2nd St. Laramie WY 82070 USA

14. Yellowstone Center for Resources; P.O. Box 168 Officer's Row Bldg 27 Yellowstone National Park WY 82190 USA

Funder

US Geological Survey

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Ecology

Reference50 articles.

1. Elk calf survival and mortality following wolf restoration to Yellowstone National Park;Barber-Meyer;Wildlife Monographs,2008

2. Effects of hunting regulations on bull elk survival and age structure;Biederbeck;Wildlife Society Bulletin,2001

3. Should hunting mortality mimic the patterns of carnivore-caused mortality?;Bischof;Biology Letters,2008

4. Chapter 5 Empirical Evidence of Density‐Dependence in Populations of Large Herbivores

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