1. 2. The ‘academic socialists’ were socialists only in the sense that they took great interest in the ‘social question’. For summaries of Wagner's views, see H. Timm, ‘Das Gesetz der wachsenden Staatsausgaben’, Finanzarchiv XXI (1961 ), pp.201 -247 ; or M. Bird, ‘Wagner's "Law" of Expanding State Activity’, Public Finance/Finances Publiques XXVI (1971), pp. 1-26; V. P. Gandhi, ‘Wagner's Law of Public Expenditure: Do Recent Cross-Section Studies Confirm it?’, The ‘academic socialists’ were socialists only in the sense that they took great interest in the ‘social question’. For summaries of Wagner's views, pp. 44-56, lists five different interpretations of Wagner's Law.
2. 5. H. Timm , op. cit., pp.234 -242 . Cf., G. Schmolders, Finanzpolitik , 3rd ed. (Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 1970 ), pp.234 -242 .