Almond supplementation on appetite measures, body weight, and body composition in adults: A systematic review and dose‐response meta‐analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials

Author:

Chahibakhsh Negar1,Rafieipour Nastaran2,Rahimi Homan3,RajabiNezhad Sepideh4,Momeni Seyed Aref5,Motamedi Amir6,Malekzadeh Janmohamad7,Islam Md. Shahidul8,Mohammadi‐Sartang Mohsen6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Industrial Food Engineering, Basic Science Faculty Islamic Azad University Kazerun Iran

2. Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch Rasht Iran

3. School of Medical Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran

4. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

5. Department of Sports Physiology Semnan University Semnan Iran

6. Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran

7. Department of Nutrition, School of Health Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran

8. Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu‐Natal (Westville Campus) Durban South Africa

Abstract

SummaryBackground and ObjectiveAlmond consumption has an inverse relationship with obesity and factors related to metabolic syndrome. However, the results of available clinical trials are inconsistent. Therefore, we analyzed the results of 37 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluated the association of almond consumption with subjective appetite scores and body compositions.MethodsNet changes in bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percent, fat‐free mass (FFM), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subjective appetite scores were used to calculate the effect size, which was reported as a weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThis meta‐analysis was performed on 37 RCTs with 43 treatment arms. The certainty in the evidence was very low for appetite indices, body fat percent, FFM, VAT, and WHR, and moderate for other parameters as assessed by the GRADE evidence profiles. Pooled effect sizes indicated a significant reducing effect of almond consumption on body weight (WMD: −0.45 kg, 95% CI: −0.85, −0.05, p = 0.026), WC (WMD: −0.66 cm, 95% CI: −1.27, −0.04, p = 0.037), FM (WMD: −0.66 kg, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.17, p = 0.009), and hunger score (WMD: −1.15 mm, 95% CI: −1.98, −0.32, p = 0.006) compared with the control group. However, almond did not have a significant effect on BMI (WMD: −0.20 kg m−2, 95% CI: −0.46, 0.05, p = 0.122), body fat percent (WMD: −0.39%, 95% CI: −0.93, 0.14, p = 0.154), FFM (WMD: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.47, 0.34, p = 0.748), WHR (WMD: −0.04, 95% CI: −0.12, 0.02, p = 0.203), VAT (WMD: −0.33 cm, 95% CI: −0.99, 0.32), fullness (WMD: 0.46 mm, 95% CI: −0.95, 1.88), desire to eat (WMD: 0.98 mm, 95% CI: −4.13, 2.23), and prospective food consumption (WMD: 1.08 mm, 95% CI: −2.11, 4.28). Subgroup analyses indicated that consumption of ≥50 g almonds per day resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in bodyweight, WC, FM, and hunger score. Body weight, WC, FM, body fat percent, and hunger scores were decreased significantly in the trials that lasted for ≥12 weeks and in the subjects with a BMI < 30 kg/m2. Furthermore, a significant reduction in body weight and WC was observed in those trials that used a nut‐free diet as a control group, but not in those using snacks and other nuts. The results of our analysis suggest that almond consumption may significantly improve body composition indices and hunger scores when consumed at a dose of ≥50 g/day for ≥12 weeks by individuals with a BMI < 30 kg/m2.ConclusionHowever, further well‐constructed randomized clinical trials are needed in order ascertain the outcome of our analysis.

Publisher

Wiley

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3