Liposomal black mulberry extract loaded‐nanofibers: preparation, characterisation, and bioaccessibility of phenolics by simulated in vitro digestion combined with the Caco‐2 cell model

Abstract

SummaryBlack mulberry extract (BME) is rich in phenolics; however, their health benefits are restricted by their instability and poor absorption in the small intestine. Liposomal BME‐loaded pullulan/pectin nanofibers were developed to enhance the in vitro bioaccessibility of BME. The liposomes with BME (0.8%, w/v), were produced by the thin‐film hydration and ultrasonication method with a size of 76.41 ± 1.23 nm and encapsulated 79.40 ± 0.99%.of the BME. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images showed that the uniform distribution of liposomes within the defect‐free fiber structure. Liposomal BME loading elevated the mucoadhesiveness of the nanofibers compared to free BME loading. Liposomal BME‐loaded nanofiber demonstrated a nearly two‐fold increase in the bioaccessibility of anthocyanins. The cellular release of all four different anthocyanins by Caco‐2 cells was significantly higher (3.92%–10.50%) in liposomal BME‐loaded nanofiber. Therefore, liposomal nanofibers show great potential as a method for delivering phenolics, specifically anthocyanins.