Potential of closed contour analysis for species differentiation and holotype designation: a case study on lower Norian (Upper Triassic) conodonts

Author:

Virág Attila123ORCID,Karádi Viktor4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mineralogy & Geology, Institute of Earth Sciences University of Debrecen 1 Egyetem tér Debrecen H‐4032 Hungary

2. Department of Petrology & Geochemistry, Institute of Geography & Earth Sciences Eötvös Loránd University 1/c Pázmány Péter sétány Budapest H‐1117 Hungary

3. MTA‐MTM‐ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Hungary 1/c Pázmány Péter sétány Budapest H‐1117 Hungary

4. Department of Palaeontology, Institute of Geography & Earth Sciences Eötvös Loránd University 1/c Pázmány Péter sétány Budapest H‐1117 Hungary

Abstract

AbstractGeometric morphometric approaches become increasingly applied in the fields of biology and palaeontology. Taxonomy is a good example, where a long‐standing intention of scientists is to eliminate subjectivity as much as possible. In the case of biostratigraphically important conodont elements, the application of such methods is not widespread. Only a handful of studies attempted to deal with the morphological variance of conodont elements from this aspect. The detailed description of five lower Norian (Upper Triassic) taxa (Ancyrogondolella quadrata, A. rigoi, A. triangularis, A. uniformis and Metapolygnathus mazzai) is presented here based on landmarks and Fourier analysis of the P1 element and keel outlines. Both methods led to similar outcomes regarding taxonomic differentiation and exposing shape variability. Consensus shapes were generated to objectively reveal the typical contour shape of each taxon, which allowed their comparison with each other, and with the members of their respective sample population including the holotypes. The results demonstrated that the holotype of a taxon is generally not an average representative, but rather a peripheral form with well separable morphological characteristics. Ancyrogondolella quadrata and A. rigoi turned out to represent a morphological continuum with ample transitional forms between these two end‐members that may cause bias in their biostratigraphic applicability, however their combined shape variance seems to be too large for uniting them into a single species. Given the results that may be too subtle to realize based solely on qualitative observations, future taxonomic studies and type material designation could greatly benefit from the application of similar methodologies.

Funder

Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Paleontology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference65 articles.

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