1. Department of Nursing; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management; New Taipei City Taiwan
2. School of Nursing; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
3. Department of Medicine; Mackay Medical College; New Taipei city Taiwan
4. Healthy Aging Research Center; Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Tao-Yuan Taiwan
5. Department of Medical Research; MacKay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
6. Institute of Life Science and Department of Mathematics; Tamkang University; Tamsui New Taipei City Taiwan