Phytochemical diversity of Alpinia mutica Roxb. leaves extracts and their bioactivity correlations elucidated by nmr‐based metabolomics

Abstract

SummaryAlpinia mutica Roxb. possesses diverse phytochemicals with potential as treatment modalities in managing diabetes and obesity. Employing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics, we conducted discriminative analysis to investigate the metabolite profiles across different extraction solvents (ethanol:water −100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100) and correlated these profiles with bioactivities. Metabolites were identified using NMR supplemented with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. The 40:60 extract showed high phenolic content, strong ferric ion reduction capability and low IC50 value in scavenging free radicals, pancreatic lipase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory assays. Partial Least Square (PLS) biplot indicated that isorhamnetin, catechin, zerumin B, curcumanggoside, curcuzederone, demethoxycurcumin, ascorbic acid, apigenin, and phenylalanine in the 40:60 extract exhibited good correlations with the measured bioactivities. Additionally, LC–MS/MS tentatively identified proanthocyanidins and multiple flavonoid glucuronides in this extract. This study provides preliminary insight into its chemistry and highlight the potential of A. mutica extract as natural antioxidant and antiobesity agent.