1. Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI); Arusha Tanzania
2. University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM); Dar es Salaam Tanzania
3. Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST); Arusha Tanzania
4. Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology; University of California; Davis California
5. Wildlife Conservation Society Tanzania Program; Arusha Tanzania
6. Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale; Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5321; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Université Paul Sabatier (UPS); Moulis France
7. Department of Biology; University of York; Heslington York UK
8. Division of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri