A systematic review of ChatGPT use in K‐12 education

Abstract

AbstractThis systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA framework, investigated the utilisation of ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, throughout Kindergarten to 12th grade (K‐12) educational settings. The review synthesises findings from 13 selected papers, encompassing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of ChatGPT's implementation in K‐12 education, implications for various stakeholders, and practical recommendations. It is highlighted that ChatGPT could empower educators through curriculum, lesson planning, materials generation, differentiation, and optimising student learning experience through personalised learning. However, concerns regarding academic integrity and output quality must be addressed. The paper provides pedagogical recommendations and ethical considerations to utilise ChatGPT better. It contributes to the ongoing discourse about AI, particularly ChatGPT's role in K‐12 education, further inspiring future research and educational practices and facilitating the effective integration of ChatGPT into K‐12 educational settings where collaboration arises as a key role, in particular under the approach of co‐design for learning.