1. Department of Internal Medicine; Taichung Hospital; Ministry of Health and Welfare; Taichung Taiwan
2. Department of Health Services Administration; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
3. Department of Healthcare Administration; Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taichung Taiwan
4. Management Office for Health Data; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
5. College of Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan