Effects of jaw clenching and mental stress on persistent inward currents estimated by two different methods

Author:

Mesquita Ricardo N. O.123ORCID,Taylor Janet L.23ORCID,Trajano Gabriel S.4ORCID,Holobar Aleš5ORCID,Gonçalves Basílio A. M.6ORCID,Blazevich Anthony J.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Electrical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

2. Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University Perth Western Australia Australia

3. Neuroscience Research Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia

4. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia

5. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Maribor Slovenia

6. Neuromechanics Research Group, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Abstract

AbstractSpinal motoneuron firing depends greatly on persistent inward currents (PICs), which in turn are facilitated by the neuromodulators serotonin and noradrenaline. The aim of this study was to determine whether jaw clenching (JC) and mental stress (MS), which may increase neuromodulator release, facilitate PICs in human motoneurons. The paired motor unit (MU) technique was used to estimate PIC contribution to motoneuron firing. Surface electromyograms were collected using a 32‐channel matrix on gastrocnemius medialis (GM) during voluntary, ramp, plantar flexor contractions. MU discharges were identified, and delta frequency (ΔF), a measure of recruitment–derecruitment hysteresis, was calculated. Additionally, another technique was used (VibStim) that evokes involuntary contractions that persist after cessation of combined Achilles tendon vibration and triceps surae neuromuscular electrical stimulation. VibStim measures of plantar flexor torque and soleus activity may reflect PIC activation. ΔF was not significantly altered by JC (p = .679, n = 18, 9 females) or MS (p = .147, n = 14, 5 females). However, all VibStim variables quantifying involuntary torque and muscle activity during and after vibration cessation were significantly increased in JC (p < .011, n = 20, 10 females) and some, but not all, increased in MS (p = .017–.05, n = 19, 10 females). JC and MS significantly increased the magnitude of involuntary contractions (VibStim) but had no effect on GM ΔF during voluntary contractions. Effects of increased neuromodulator release on PIC contribution to motoneuron firing might differ between synergists or be context dependent. Based on these data, the background level of voluntary contraction and, hence, both neuromodulation and ionotropic inputs could influence neuromodulatory PIC enhancement.

Funder

Edith Cowan University

Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Neuroscience

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