1. 1. Arnetha F. Ball and Sarah Warshauer Freedman, eds.Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning(Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004); and Bonny Norton and Kelleen Toohey, eds.Critical Pedagogies and Language Learning(Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004). For all subsequent references, these two works will be cited in the text asBPandCP, respectively, followed by the specific chapter number and (for quoted material) page number(s).
2. Dialogic Origin and Dialogic Pedagogy of Grammar : Stylistics in Teaching Russian Language in Secondary School
3. 4. Actually, in his presentation at the Bakhtin conference, Shepherd charged not only educational scholars with misapplying Bakhtin scholarship but also scholars in many other nonphilological fields within the humanities and social sciences (such as psychology and sociology). He singled out education only as a typical example of a larger problem. In a similar line of argument, Emerson introduced and discussed "the divide between ?intrinsic Bakhtinians' (translators, Slavists, textologists, intellectual historians) vs. ?extrinsic' (other professions which find his ideas useful and productive in their own fields)" (Caryl Emerson, personal communication with the author, January 28, 2006). My understanding of her argument is that "internal Bakhtinians" mediate the original texts by Bakhtin for "external Bakhtinians" and thus have to be closely followed by the "external Bakhtinians." I will discuss this point in greater detail further in the essay.
4. 5. See, for example, Jean Lave,Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics, and Culture in Everyday Life(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).