1. 1. The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines. Hastings-on-Hudson, NY: ACTFL Materials Center, 1982.
2. “Strengthening the Language Requirement at the University of Minnesota: An Initial Report.”;Arendt;Foreign Language Annals,1986
3. “Language Testing: Past and Current Status-Directions for the Future.”;Clark;The Modern Language Journal,1983
4. 5. Clark, John L. D., ed. Direct Testing of Speaking Proficiency: Theory and Application. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 1978.