1. School of Medicine; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan
2. Department of Internal Medicine; Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital; Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation; Chiayi Taiwan
3. Emergency Department; Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital; Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation; Chiayi Taiwan
4. Department of Emergency Medicine; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
5. Department of Public Heath; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan