1. School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science; Michigan Technological University; 1400 Townsend Dr. Houghton MI 49931-1295 USA
2. Department of Biology; University of Washington; 106 Kincaid Hall Seattle WA 98195-1800 USA
3. Harvard Forest; Harvard University; 324 N. Main St. Petersham MA 01366 USA
4. Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011-5640 USA
5. Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011-6077 USA
6. Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011-5620 USA
7. US Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station; 1731 Research Park Davis CA 95618 USA
8. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville 569 Dabney Hall Knoxville TN 37996 USA