Landscape simplification leads to loss of plant–pollinator interaction diversity and flower visitation frequency despite buffering by abundant generalist pollinators

Author:

Maurer Corina12ORCID,Martínez‐Núñez Carlos1ORCID,Dominik Christophe34,Heuschele Jonna34,Liu Yicong35,Neumann Peter6,Paxton Robert J.45,Pellissier Loïc27,Proesmans Willem8ORCID,Schweiger Oliver34,Szentgyörgyi Hajnalka9,Vanbergen Adam8,Albrecht Matthias1

Affiliation:

1. Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope Zürich Switzerland

2. Ecosystems Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland

3. Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle (Saale) Germany

4. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany

5. General Zoology, Institute for Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany

6. Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern Bern Switzerland

7. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland

8. Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France

9. Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland

Abstract

AbstractAimGlobal change, especially landscape simplification, is a main driver of species loss that can alter ecological interaction networks, with potentially severe consequences to ecosystem functions. Therefore, understanding how landscape simplification affects the rate of loss of plant–pollinator interaction diversity (i.e., number of unique interactions) compared to species diversity alone, and the role of persisting abundant pollinators, is key to assess the consequences of landscape simplification on network stability and pollination services.LocationFrance, Germany, and Switzerland.MethodsWe analysed 24 landscape‐scale plant–pollinator networks from standardised transect walks along landscape simplification gradients in three countries. We compared the rates of species and interaction diversity loss along the landscape simplification gradient and then stepwise excluded the top 1%–20% most abundant pollinators from the data set to evaluate their effect on interaction diversity, network robustness to secondary loss of species, and flower visitation frequencies in simplified landscapes.ResultsInteraction diversity was not more vulnerable than species diversity to landscape simplification, with pollinator and interaction diversity showing similar rates of erosion with landscape simplification. We found that 20% of both species and interactions are lost with an increase of arable crop cover from 30% to 80% in a landscape. The decrease in interaction diversity was partially buffered by persistent abundant generalist pollinators in simplified landscapes, which were nested subsets of pollinator communities in complex landscapes, while plants showed a high turnover in interactions across landscapes. The top 5% most abundant pollinator species also contributed to network robustness against secondary species loss but could not prevent flowers from a loss of visits in simplified landscapes.Main ConclusionsAlthough persistent abundant pollinators buffered the decrease in interaction diversity in simplified landscapes and stabilised network robustness, flower visitation frequency was reduced, emphasising potentially severe consequences of further ongoing land‐use change for pollination services.

Funder

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Narodowe Centrum Nauki

Publisher

Wiley

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