1. World Health Organization 'Essential Medicines.'http://www.who.int/health_topics/essential_medicines/en/ (Accessed 09-04-2003).
2. A very valuable survey of the issues in global perspective is T. Barnett, A. Whiteside.AIDS in the Twenty-First Century: Disease and Globalization.Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002.
3. An authoritative source on the law and jurisprudence of intellectual property rights is W.R. Cornish.Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyright, Trademarks and Allied Rights.London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1996 (5thedition, new edition in press), upon which the account in this paragraph and the next is loosely based. For a useful overview of international trade agreements and their implications for global health see M.K. Ranson, R. Beaglehole, C.M. Correa, Z. Mirza, K. Buse N. Drager. 'The public health implications of multilateral trade agreements'. In K. Lee, K. Buse S. Fustukian (eds.)Health Policy in a Globalising World.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 1840. For a theoretical overview of the development of international law relating to intellectual property rights see S.K. Sell.Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
4. A useful account of patents in economic terms is to be found in O. Shy.Industrial Organization: Theory and Applications.Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995: ch. 9.
5. Of course, states have powers over private real property as well, under some circumstances of public interest. For example, states can compulsorily purchase tracts of land and property on such land, in order to allow roads to be built, and they can billet troops on private citizens in wartime. That states have such power is not in doubt; however, there are obligations on states to use these powers reasonably and to make due compensation available to those whose property is alienated or temporarily made use of.