1. College of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
2. Department of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
3. Department of Nursing; Dayeh University; Changhua Taiwan
4. Department of Nursing; Changhua Christian Hospital; Changhua Taiwan
5. Nursing Department; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan