1. Department of Chemistry and Life Science Yokohama National University 79‐5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya‐ku Yokohama 240‐8501 Japan
2. Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science NASA Johnson Space Center 2101 NASA Parkway Houston Texas 77058 USA
3. Lunar and Planetary Institute Universities Space Research Association‐Houston 3600 Bay Area Blvd Houston Texas 77058 USA
4. Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) B200 Monobe Nankoku Kochi 783‐8502 Japan
5. Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC) Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 2‐15 Natsushima‐Cho Yokosuka 237‐0061 Japan
6. Super‐Cutting‐Edge Grand and Advanced Research (Sugar) Program Institute for Extra‐Cutting‐Edge Science and Technology Avant‐Garde Research (X‐star), Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 2‐15 Natsushima‐cho Yokosuka 237‐0061 Japan
7. Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA
8. UVSOR Synchrotron, Institute for Molecular Science 38 Nishigo‐Naka Myodaiji Okazaki 444‐8585 Japan
9. Jacobs Engineering NASA Johnson Space Center 2101 NASA Parkway Houston Texas 77058 USA
10. Marine Works Japan Ltd B200 Monobe Nankoku Kochi 783‐8502 Japan
11. Physics Department University of Khartoum Khartoum 11115 Sudan
12. SETI Institute 189 Bernardo Ave Mountain View California 94043 USA