Soluble organic molecules in samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Author:

Naraoka Hiroshi1ORCID,Takano Yoshinori2ORCID,Dworkin Jason P.3ORCID,Oba Yasuhiro4ORCID,Hamase Kenji5ORCID,Furusho Aogu5,Ogawa Nanako O.2ORCID,Hashiguchi Minako6ORCID,Fukushima Kazuhiko7,Aoki Dan7ORCID,Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe8910ORCID,Aponte José C.3ORCID,Parker Eric T.3ORCID,Glavin Daniel P.3ORCID,McLain Hannah L.31112,Elsila Jamie E.3ORCID,Graham Heather V.3,Eiler John M.13,Orthous-Daunay Francois-Regis14ORCID,Wolters Cédric14ORCID,Isa Junko1516ORCID,Vuitton Véronique14ORCID,Thissen Roland17ORCID,Sakai Saburo2ORCID,Yoshimura Toshihiro2ORCID,Koga Toshiki2,Ohkouchi Naohiko2,Chikaraishi Yoshito4ORCID,Sugahara Haruna18ORCID,Mita Hajime19,Furukawa Yoshihiro20ORCID,Hertkorn Norbert8ORCID,Ruf Alexander212223ORCID,Yurimoto Hisayoshi24ORCID,Nakamura Tomoki20ORCID,Noguchi Takaaki25ORCID,Okazaki Ryuji1ORCID,Yabuta Hikaru26ORCID,Sakamoto Kanako18ORCID,Tachibana Shogo1827ORCID,Connolly Harold C.28ORCID,Lauretta Dante S.29ORCID,Abe Masanao1830ORCID,Yada Toru18ORCID,Nishimura Masahiro18ORCID,Yogata Kasumi18ORCID,Nakato Aiko18ORCID,Yoshitake Miwa18ORCID,Suzuki Ayako31ORCID,Miyazaki Akiko18ORCID,Furuya Shizuho27ORCID,Hatakeda Kentaro31ORCID,Soejima Hiromichi31ORCID,Hitomi Yuya31ORCID,Kumagai Kazuya31,Usui Tomohiro18ORCID,Hayashi Tasuku18ORCID,Yamamoto Daiki18ORCID,Fukai Ryota18ORCID,Kitazato Kohei32ORCID,Sugita Seiji1627ORCID,Namiki Noriyuki3033ORCID,Arakawa Masahiko34ORCID,Ikeda Hitoshi18ORCID,Ishiguro Masateru35ORCID,Hirata Naru31ORCID,Wada Koji16ORCID,Ishihara Yoshiaki36ORCID,Noguchi Rina37ORCID,Morota Tomokatsu27ORCID,Sakatani Naoya38ORCID,Matsumoto Koji3033ORCID,Senshu Hiroki16ORCID,Honda Rie39ORCID,Tatsumi Eri40ORCID,Yokota Yasuhiro18ORCID,Honda Chikatoshi32ORCID,Michikami Tatsuhiro40ORCID,Matsuoka Moe18ORCID,Miura Akira18ORCID,Noda Hirotomo3033ORCID,Yamada Tetsuya18ORCID,Yoshihara Keisuke18ORCID,Kawahara Kosuke18ORCID,Ozaki Masanobu1830ORCID,Iijima Yu-ichi18,Yano Hajime1830ORCID,Hayakawa Masahiko18ORCID,Iwata Takahiro18ORCID,Tsukizaki Ryudo18ORCID,Sawada Hirotaka18ORCID,Hosoda Satoshi18ORCID,Ogawa Kazunori41ORCID,Okamoto Chisato34,Hirata Naoyuki33ORCID,Shirai Kei33ORCID,Shimaki Yuri18ORCID,Yamada Manabu16ORCID,Okada Tatsuaki1842ORCID,Yamamoto Yukio1830ORCID,Takeuchi Hiroshi1830ORCID,Fujii Atsushi18ORCID,Takei Yuto18ORCID,Yoshikawa Kento36ORCID,Mimasu Yuya18ORCID,Ono Go36ORCID,Ogawa Naoko18ORCID,Kikuchi Shota1633ORCID,Nakazawa Satoru18ORCID,Terui Fuyuto43ORCID,Tanaka Satoshi1830ORCID,Saiki Takanao18ORCID,Yoshikawa Makoto1830ORCID,Watanabe Sei-ichiro6ORCID,Tsuda Yuichi18ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

2. Biogeochemistry Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan.

3. Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

4. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan.

5. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

6. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.

7. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.

8. Helmholtz Munich, Analytical BioGeoChemistry, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.

9. Technische Universität München, Analytische Lebensmittel Chemie, 85354 Freising, Germany.

10. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.

11. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

12. Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.

13. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

14. Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, L'Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.

15. Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.

16. Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.

17. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France.

18. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.

19. Department of Life, Environment and Material Science, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan.

20. Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.

21. Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, 13397 Marseille, France.

22. Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany.

23. Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, 85748 Garching, Germany.

24. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.

25. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

26. Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

27. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

28. Department of Geology, School of Earth and Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.

29. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

30. School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama 240-0193, Japan.

31. Marine Works Japan Ltd., Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.

32. Aizu Research Cluster for Space Science, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.

33. Research of Interior Structure and Evolution of Solar System Bodies, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.

34. Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.

35. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

36. Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.

37. Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.

38. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.

39. Center of Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.

40. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife E-38205, Spain.

41. JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.

42. Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

43. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.

Abstract

The Hayabusa2 spacecraft collected samples from the surface of the carbonaceous near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu and brought them to Earth. The samples were expected to contain organic molecules, which record processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We analyzed organic molecules extracted from the Ryugu surface samples. We identified a variety of molecules containing the atoms CHNOS, formed by methylation, hydration, hydroxylation, and sulfurization reactions. Amino acids, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds were detected, which had properties consistent with an abiotic origin. These compounds likely arose from an aqueous reaction on Ryugu’s parent body and are similar to the organics in Ivuna-type meteorites. These molecules can survive on the surfaces of asteroids and be transported throughout the Solar System.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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