1. The Distributional and Efficiency Effects of Trade Unions in Britain;Pencavel;British Journal of Industrial Relations,1977
2. 2. For a particularly hostile interchange, see Troy, L. , Koeller, C. T. and Sheflin, N. (1981), ‘Comment’, Policy Review, No. 18, Fall, pp. 7-10,
3. and Freeman, R. B. and Medoff, J. L. (1981a), ‘Comment: U. S. Unionism’, Policy Review, No. 18, Fall, pp. 5-7.
4. 3. The exception is provided by the familiar ‘economy of high wages’ argument.
5. Allocative Efficiency vs. X-efficiency;Leibenstein;American Economic Review,1966