Plant growth dynamics and root morphology of little-known species of Chenopodium from contrasted Andean habitats

Author:

Alvarez-Flores Ricardo1,Winkel Thierry2,Degueldre David1,Del Castillo Carmen3,Joffre Richard1

Affiliation:

1. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, UMR 5175, Campus du CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.

2. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, UMR 5175, Campus du CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.

3. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Agronomía, La Paz, Bolivia.

Abstract

Plant morphology determines the access to soil resources, a feature crucial for early growth in annual species. Plant growth and root traits in little-known species of Andean chenopods were compared with the hypothesis that plants from low-resource habitats show traits that enhance resource capture. Three cultivated Chenopodium populations (two populations of the tetraploid Chenopodium quinoa Willd., one population of the diploid Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) and one population of their wild tetraploid relative Chenopodium hircinum Schrad. were grown in pots under nonlimiting conditions over nine weeks of early vegetative growth. All populations followed the same sequence of biomass allocation and showed similar maximal values of shoot and root relative growth rates (RGR). Population differences in plant biomass, net assimilation rate, total root length, and specific root length were associated with seed mass ranking and species ploidy level. Chenopodium quinoa produced less branched stems and maintained high root RGR for a longer time than the other two species, and the C. quinoa population from low-resource habitat showed a faster main root growth. These results show that C. pallidicaule developed a plant growth syndrome adapted to cold, high-altitude habitats, while C. quinoa from low-resource habitats showed an improved capacity to explore soil at depth in early growth stages.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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