Heavy metal detoxification and tolerance mechanisms in plants: Implications for phytoremediation

Author:

Kushwaha Anamika11,Rani Radha11,Kumar Sanjay11,Gautam Aishvarya11

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Teliyar Ganj, Allahabad.

Abstract

Heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms. However, in excessive amounts these heavy metals have deleterious effects. Like other organisms, plants possess a variety of detoxification mechanisms to counter the harmful effects of heavy metals. These include the restriction of heavy metals by mycorrhizal association, binding with plant cell wall and root excretions, metal efflux from the plasma membrane, metal chelation by phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and compartmentalization within the vacuole. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated rhizospheric microorganisms to remove pollutants from contaminated sites. This technology is inexpensive, efficient, and ecofriendly. This review focuses on potential cellular and molecular adaptations by plants that are necessary to tolerate heavy metal stress.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

General Environmental Science

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