Integrating enhanced efficiency fertilizers and nitrogen rates to improve Canada Western Red Spring wheat

Author:

Fast Adam12,Strydhorst Sheri3,Wang Zhijie1ORCID,Hernandez-Ramirez Guillermo2,Hao Xiying1,Semach Greg4,Thompson Laurel5,Holzapfel Chris6,Enns Jessica7,Spaner Dean2ORCID,Beres Brian L.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada

2. University of Alberta, 16 St & 85 Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada

3. Sheri's Ag Consulting Inc., 3401 Township Road 622, County of Barrhead, AB T0G 1R1, Canada

4. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, P.O Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0, Canada

5. Lakeland College, 5707 College Dr, Vermilion, AB T9X 1K5, Canada

6. Indian Head Agricultural Research Foundation, No. 1 Government Road, Indian Head, SK S0G 2K0, Canada

7. Western Applied Research Corporation. 58374 SK-374, Scott, SK S0K 4A0, Canada

Abstract

Granular urea fertilizer applied at planting is prone to nitrogen (N) losses in certain environments. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) are developed to mitigate losses and optimize plant uptake. To determine the benefits of EEFs in grain yield and quality enhancement in Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat, an experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2022 at eight sites in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. The effects of five N sources [urea; urea + urease inhibitor, N-( n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT); urea + nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin; urea + dual-inhibitor, NBPT + dicyandiamide; and polymer-coated urea, ESN® (Environmentally Smart Nitrogen®)] and four N rates (60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha−1) on CWRS wheat production were examined. Results indicated that N source affected grain yield in Dark Brown Chernozem soils but not in Black Chernozem or Dark Grey Luvisol soils. In Dark Brown Chernozem soils, a dual inhibitor increased grain yield by 3.1% and 3.9% relative to urea and polymer-coated urea, respectively, while all other EEFs attained similar results. The use of a dual inhibitor EEF led to greater net returns compared to urea and polymer-coated urea in the Dark Brown Chernozem soils. Grain protein concentration increased linearly with increasing N rate from 60 to 240 kg N ha−1. Generally, a rate of 120 kg N ha−1 was optimal for CWRS wheat grown in Canadian prairie conditions when coupled with EEFs, particularly a dual inhibitor, and grain yield and protein were often responsive.

Funder

The Saskatchewan Wheat Commission

Agriculture Funding Consortium

The Alberta Wheat & Barley Commissions

Alberta Agriculture and Forestry

Nutrien TM

Corteva Agriscience

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Horticulture,Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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