Enhanced nitrogen management strategies for winter wheat production in the Canadian prairies

Author:

Beres B.L.1,Graf R.J.1,Irvine R.B.2,O’Donovan J.T.3,Harker K.N.3,Johnson E.N.4,Brandt S.5,Hao X.1,Thomas B.W.1,Turkington T.K.3,Stevenson F.C.6

Affiliation:

1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.

2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research and Development Centre, Box 1000A, RR#3, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada.

3. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada.

4. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.

5. Northeast Agriculture Research Foundation, Melfort, SK S0E 1A0, Canada.

6. 142 Rogers Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3T6, Canada.

Abstract

To address knowledge gaps around enhanced efficiency urea fertilizer efficacy for nitrogen (N) management, a study was designed to improve integrated nutrient management systems for western Canadian winter wheat producers. Three factors were included in Experiment 1: (i) urea type [urea, urea + urease inhibitor—Agrotain®; urea + urease and nitrification inhibitor—SuperU®, polymer-coated urea—Environmentally Smart Nitrogen® (ESN®), and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)], (ii) application method (side-band vs. spring-broadcast vs. 50% side-band: 50% spring-broadcast), and (iii) cultivar (AC Radiant hard red winter wheat vs. CDC Ptarmigan soft white winter wheat). The Agrotain® and CDC Ptarmigan treatments were removed in Experiment 2 to allow for additional application methods: (i) fall side-band, (ii) 50% side-band — 50% late fall broadcast, (iii) 50% side-band — 50% early spring broadcast, (iv) 50% side-band — 50% mid-spring broadcast, and (v) 50% side-band — 50% late spring broadcast. CDC Ptarmigan produced superior grain yield and N utilization over AC Radiant. Grain yield and protein content were influenced by N form and application method. Split applications of N usually provided the maximum yield and protein, particularly with Agrotain® or SuperU®. An exception to the poor fall-application results was the SuperU® treatments, which produced similar yield to the highest-yielding treatments. The results suggest that split applications of N might be most efficient for yield and protein optimization when combined with an enhanced efficiency urea product, particularly with urease or urease + nitrification inhibitors, and if the majority of N is applied in spring.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Horticulture,Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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