Deletion of a terminal residue disrupts oligomerization of a transmembrane α-helixThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology 52nd Annual Meeting — Protein Folding: Principles and Diseases” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.

Abstract

In studies of the structural biology of membrane proteins, the success of strategies based on the “divide and conquer” approach, where peptides are used to model the individual transmembrane (TM) α-helices of membrane proteins, depends on the correct identification of the membrane-embedded TM α-helix amino acid sequence within the full-length protein. In the present work, we examine the effects of excluding or including TM boundary residues on the intrinsic properties of a Lys-tagged TM2 α-helix of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), of parent sequence KKKK-66AFQYVIYGTASFFFLYGALLLAEG89-KKKK along with analogs containing an additional wild type Phe-90, Phe-90 and Tyr-91, and of a hydrophobic mutant Leu-90. Using protein gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in the membrane-mimetic detergent sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), we demonstrate that the removal of a single amino acid from the C-terminus of this TM segment is enough to change its intrinsic properties, with TM2 66–89 displaying only a monomeric form, but with dimers arising for the other 3 peptides. A novel use of trifluoroethanol (TFE) as a maximal helix-supporting solvent demonstrated that peptides containing residues at positions 90 and (or) 90–91 displayed significantly increased helical content vs. the TM2 parent peptide. The findings suggest that deletion of critical C-terminal residue(s) tends to reposition the helix terminus toward the membrane–aqueous interface. Our overall results emphasize the potential influence of boundary residues on TM properties when using peptides as models for TM α-helices, and may implicate a role for these residues in membrane protein folding and assembly.