Critical evaluation of novel applications of aquatic weed Azolla as a sustainable feedstock for deriving bioenergy and feed supplement

Abstract

Azolla is often considered an invasive weed because of the rapid colonization on water surfaces. It is a free-floating aquatic fern, known for its N fixing potential, short doubling time, and bioremediation potential. It has several applications as green manure, N biofertilizer, cattle, chicken, and fish feed supplements because of its high protein content. It can grow on wastewater improving its quality. Azolla biomass thus produced can be utilized for energy production. It has been used for the production of biogas. Recently, its bio-oil potential has been studied. Azolla biomass has been used for biodiesel, biogas, and biohydrogen production. The exploitation of Azolla biomass as feedstock for bioenergy needs critical evaluation.