p-Chloro-diphenyl diselenide modulates Nrf2/Keap1 signaling and counteracts renal oxidative stress in mice exposed to repeated dexamethasone administrations

Abstract

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that has been associated with oxidative stress in central and peripheral tissues. p-Chloro-diphenyl diselenide (( p-ClPhSe)2) is an antioxidant organoselenium compound. The present study evaluated whether nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) signaling contributes to the ( p-ClPhSe)2 antioxidant effects in the kidney of mice exposed to dexamethasone. Adult Swiss mice received dexamethasone (intraperitoneal) at a dose of 2 mg/kg or its vehicle for 21 days. After that, mice were treated with ( p-ClPhSe)2 (intragastric) (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) for 7 days. Samples of kidneys were collected for biochemical assays. ( p-ClPhSe)2 at a dose of 1 mg/kg reversed the renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonyl protein (CP) levels increased by dexamethasone. ( p-ClPhSe)2 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg was effective against the increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, ROS, and CP, as well as the decrease of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and nonprotein sulfhydryl levels induced by dexamethasone. At 5 mg/kg, ( p-ClPhSe)2 reduced the renal levels of 4-OH-2-HNE and heme oxygenase (HO-1), as well as modulated the Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling in mice exposed to dexamethasone. The present findings revealed that ( p-ClPhSe)2 antioxidant effects were associated with the modulation of Nrf2/Keap-1 signaling pathway in the kidney of mice exposed to dexamethasone.