Microbiota and human diseases

Abstract

Today, the microbiota is recognized as a new "extracorporeal organ" that is involved in the maintenance of our body’s homeostasis. While the useful role of some microorganisms has already been determined, the role of most of them is not yet clear. Researchers believe that between 81% and 99% of all microorganisms in healthy adults have been identified. Little is known yet about the ways the members of a microbial consortium interact with each other and with the human body. The species composition of the microbiota in newborns and children remains an open question. In fact, the clinical significance of normal flora is not fully understood. Many reports have been published on the direct role of the microbiota as a trigger mechanism of various diseases (atherosclerosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atopic diseases, depression, autism, autoimmune diseases, etc.) and carcinogenesis, which is multifaceted and insufficiently studied. The understanding of bacterial communication mechanisms can be used in the development of novel drugs and new strategic approaches to treatment. Key words: intestinal microbiota and diseases, microbiota, gut microbiome