1. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy,
2. Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics,
3. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, and
4. Department of Medicine, and
5. Department of Health Care Management, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
6. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
7. Independent Consultant, Westfield, New Jersey