1. Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center,
2. Department of Medicine,
3. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics,
4. Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
5. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics,
6. Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California;
7. Department of Preventive Medicine and
8. Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Riverside, California;
9. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Geisinger Heart Institute,
10. Department of Psychiatry, and
11. Investigator Initiated Research Operations, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania;
12. Department of Public Health Sciences,
13. Henry Ford Cancer Institute, and
14. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan;
15. Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York;
16. Lancaster General Health Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Lancaster, Pennsylvania;
17. The Center for Black Health and Equity, Durham, North Carolina; and
18. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, and
19. Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
20. Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania