1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, and
2. Data Science Centre, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan;
3. Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
4. Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Tochigi Prefectural Emergency and Critical Care Centre, Imperial Foundation Saiseikai, Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi, Japan
5. Department of Eat-loss Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan;