1. Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
2. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and
3. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, and
5. Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
6. Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut